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@adaptive-vs-innate-immunity
Innate immunity (also called natural or native immunity) provides the early line of defense against microbes. It consists of cellular and biochemical defense mechanisms that are in place even before infection and are poised to respond rapidly to infections. The mechanisms of innate immunity are specific for structures that are common to groups of related microbes and may not distinguish fine differences between microbes.
The principal components of innate immunity are:
(1) Physical and chemical barriers, such as epithelia and antimicrobial chemicals produced at epithelial surfaces;
(2) Phagocytic cells (neutrophils, macrophages), dendritic cells, and natural killer (NK) cells and other innate lymphoid cells;
(3) Blood proteins, including members of the complement system and other mediators of inflammation.
Adaptive immunity (also called specific or acquired immunity) system recognizes and reacts to a large number of microbial and nonmicrobial substances. The defining characteristics of adaptive immunity are the ability to distinguish different substances, called specificity, and the ability to respond more vigorously to repeated exposures to the same microbe, known as memory. The unique components of adaptive immunity are cells called lymphocytes and their secreted products, such as antibodies. Foreign substances that induce specific immune responses or are recognized by lymphocytes or antibodies are called antigens.
